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Subject: CRAC-2 Report: Consequences Of Meltdowns From Every Commercial Reactor In USA
The authors of the Reactor Safety Study concluded that changing some of the criteria for data gathering would actually increase the number of early fatalities by a factor of 3 to 4 depending upon circumstances [NUREG-0340].
Impact of a Meltdown at Nuclear Plant
Consequences of Reactor Accident (CRAC-2) Report
Following is an alphabetical listing of every commercial nuclear power plant in the US, extant, or under construction at the time this report was published in 1982. The 4 categories listed are:
Peak Early
Fatalities
Peak Early
Injuries
Peak Cancer
Deaths
Property
Damage
The numbers given are in case of a class-9, or worse case scenario meltdown, and are based on 1982 population data and on 1982 dollars. This report was mandated by the Nuclear regulatory Commission and carried out by the Sandia Labs of New Mexico. The Calculation of Reactor Accident Consequences (CRAC-2) report was published by Congress November 1, 1982. It was also printed by the Washington Post the same day. Other major media, including the New York Times published it shortly thereafter.
Some experts claim that the assessment of the dangers inherent in any and all commercial nuclear power plants has several faults. Among the faults -- any accident can spread to the spent fuel pool where huge amounts of radioactive waste are stored. The authors of the Reactor Safety Study concluded that changing some of the criteria for data gathering would actually increase the number of early fatalities by a factor of 3 to 4 depending upon circumstances [NUREG-0340].
"Peak" does not necessarily mean worst case results because the CRAC-2 model is acknowledged by its authors to have uncertainties in its meteorological modeling capability. Since the CRAC-2 model considers only one year's worth of data and does not model precipitation frequency beyond a distance of 30 miles from the reactor, the model cannot adequately characterize the frequency of precipitation events or range of fallout.
Economic costs, not included are: the cost of providing health care to the affected population; all onsite costs; litigation costs; direct costs of health effects; and indirect costs.
Early fatalities are deaths due to radiation exposure from causes other than cancer occurring within one year of the accident. However, fatalities will continue over hundreds, possibly thousands of years. Fatalities in the populace directly exposed to the accident will take place over a period long after one year, much of these deaths taking decades to occur. Ionizing radiation can cause aberrations in the genetic pool, hence the hundreds or thousands of years over which fatalities will occur.
It should be noted that the evacuation model for CRAC-2 does NOT account for actual site conditions such as bottlenecks and terrain barriers which can cause major evacuation routes to overlap the area likely to be covered by the plume once a release of radioactivity occurs.
You can get a copy of the report from the Nuclear Information Resource Service at: Phone:202-328-0002, Fax:202-462-2183.
|
Reactor/Location |
Peak Early Fatalities |
Peak Early Injuries |
Peak Cancer Deaths |
Property Damage
(in Billions-1982 $) |
|
Arkansas Nuclear One, Units 1 & 2, Russelville, Arkansas |
Unit I - 1,900
Unit 2 - 2,100 |
Unit I - 3,400
Unit 2- 4,000 |
Unit I -2,900
Unit 2 -3,000 |
Unit I - $68.1 Billion
Unit 2 - $84.9 Billion |
|
Beaver Valley Units 1 & 2
Shippingport, Pa. |
Unit I - 19,000
Unit 2 - 19,000 |
Unit I-156,000
Unit 2-156,000 |
Unit I -28,600
Unit 2 -24,000 |
Unit I - $122 Billion
Unit 2 - $11 Billion |
|
Bellefonte Units 1 & 2
Scotsboro, Alabama |
Unit I - 3,600
Unit 2 - 3,600 |
Unit I - 7,700
Unit 2 - 7,700 |
Unit I - 4,500
Unit 2 - 4,500 |
Unit I - $86.1 Billion
Unit 2 - $82.7 Billion |
|
Big Rock Pt. #1, Charlevoix, Mi. |
3,450 |
6,030 |
10,900 |
unavailable |
|
Braidwood, Units 1 & 2
Joliet, Illinois |
Unit I - 6,750
Unit 2 - 6.750 |
Unit I -63,300
Unit 2--63,300 |
Unit I-14,200
Unit 2-14,200 |
Unit I - $127 Billion
Unit 2- $122 Billion |
|
Browns Ferry Units 1,2,3
Decautur, Alabama |
Unit 1 - 18,000
Unit 2 - 18,000
Unit 3 - 18,000 |
Unit I - 42,000
Unit 2 - 42,000
Unit 3 - 42,000 |
Unit I - 3,900
Unit 2 - 3,900
Unit 3 - 3,900 |
Unit 1 - $67.3 Billion
Unit 2 - $69.1 Billion
Unit 3 - $73 Billion |
|
Brunswick, Units 1 & 2,
Brunswick, N. Carolina |
Unit 1 - 7,500
Unit 2 - 7,500 |
Unit 1 - 18,000
Unit 2 - 18,000 |
Unit 1 - 4,600
Unit 2 - 4.600 |
Unit 1 - $56.5 Billion
Unit 2 - $53.9 Billion |
|
Byron, Units 1 & 2,
Rockford, ILL. |
Unit 1 - 9,050
Unit 2 - 9,050 |
Unit 1 - 79,300
Unit 2 - 79,300 |
Unit 1 - 15,300
Unit 2 - 15,300 |
Unit 1 - $114 Billion
Unit 2 - $114 Billion |
|
Callaway Unit 1, Callaway, MO. |
11,500 |
32,000 |
9,600 |
$110,000 Billion |
|
Calvert Cliffs, Units 1 & 2,
Lusby, MD. |
Unit 1 - 5,600
Unit 2 - 5,600 |
Unit 1 - 15,000
Unit 2 - 15,000 |
Unit 1 - 23,000
Unit 2 - 23,000 |
Unit 1 - $87.4 Billion
Unit 2 - $92 Billion |
|
+++Catawba, Units 1 & 2,
Rock Hill, S.C. |
Unit 1 - 5,800
Unit 2 - 5,800 |
Unit 1 - 88,000
Unit 2 - 88,000 |
Unit 1 - 42,000
Unit 2 - 42,000 |
Unit 1 - $101 Billion
Unit 2 -$93.7 Billion |
|
Clinton, Clinton, IL. |
Scaled 1,600 |
32,000 |
13,000 |
$92.8 Billion |
|
Commanche Peak, Glen Rose, Texas |
1,200 |
14,000 |
4,800 |
$117 Billion |
|
Cook, Units 1 & 2
Bridgman, IL. |
Unit 1 - 1,900
Unit 2 - 2,000 |
Unit 1 - 80,000
Unit 2 - 88,000 |
Unit 1 - 13,000
Unit 2 - 13,000 |
Unit 1 - $91.9 Billion
Unit 2 - $101 Billion |
|
Cooper, Brownsville, Nebraska |
1,600 |
2,800 |
3,100 |
$57.2 Billion |
|
Crystal River, Unit 3, Red Level, Fl. |
900 |
3,800 |
2,800 |
$53.8 Billion |
|
Davis-Besse, Ottowa, Ohio |
1,400 |
73,000 |
10,000 |
$84 Billion |
|
Diabolo Canyon Units 1 & 2
San Luis Opispo, California |
Unit 1 - 10,000
Unit 2 - 10,000 |
Unit 1 - 11,000
Unit 2 - 12,000 |
Unit 1 - 12,000
Unit 2 - 12,000 |
Unit 1 - $155 Billion
Unit 2 - $158 Billion |
|
Dresden Units 1, 2 & 3
Morris, Illinois |
Unit 1 - 6,000
Unit 2 - 42,000
Unit 3 - 42,000 |
Unit 1 - 4,000
Unit 2 - 39,000
Unit 3 - 39,000 |
Unit 1 - 5,000
Unit 2 - 13,000
Unit 3 - 13,000 |
Unit 1 - $23,5 Billion
Unit 2 - $87.4 Billion
Unit 3 - $89.6 Billion |
|
Duane Arnold, Palo, IA |
Scaled 2,900 |
12,000 |
not available |
$53.8 Billion |
|
Farley, Units 1 & 2
Dothan, Alabama |
Unit 1 - 12,000
Unit 2 - 12,000 |
Unit 1 - 12,000
Unit 2 - 12,000 |
Unit 1 - 2,900
Unit 2 - 2,900 |
Unit 1 - $52.2 Billion
Unit 2 - $59.1 Billion |
|
Fermi, Unit 2, Laguna Beach, Mi. |
8,000 |
340,000 |
13,000 |
$136 Billion |
|
Fitzpatrick, Scriba, NY |
scaled 1,000 |
scaled 16,000 |
17,000 |
$103 Billion |
|
Fort Calhoun, Washington, Nebraska |
scaled 3,000 |
32,000 |
3,000 |
$43.4 Billion |
|
Fort St. Vrain, Fort St. Vrain, Co. |
scaled 3,000 |
3,000 |
1,000 |
$38.8 Billion |
|
Ginna, Ontario, NY |
scaled 2,000 |
28,000 |
scaled 14,000 |
$63 Billion |
|
Grand Gulf, Units 1 & 2
Vicksburg, Mississippi |
Unit 1 - 4,500
Unit 2 - 4,500 |
Unit 1 - 10,000
Unit 2 - 10,000 |
Unit 1 - 3,800
Unit 2 - 3,800 |
Unit 1 - $83 Billion
Unit 2 - $70.7 Billion |
|
Haddam Neck, Haddam Neck, Ct. |
scaled 29,000 |
50,000 |
23,000 |
$74.1 Billion |
|
Hatch, Units 1 & 2
Baxley, Georgia |
Unit 1 - 700
Unit 2 - 700 |
Unit 1 - 4,000
Unit 2 - 4,000 |
Unit 1 - 3,000
Unit 2 - 3,000 |
Unit 1 - $51 Billion
Unit 2 - $56 Billion |
|
Indian Point Units 2 & 3
Buchanon, NY |
Unit 2 - 46,000
Unit 3 - 50,000 |
Unit 2 - 141,000
Unit 3 - 167,000 |
Unit 2 - 13,000
Unit 3 - 14,000 |
Unit 2 - $274 Billion
Unit 3 - $314 Billion |
|
Kewaunee, Carlton, Wisconsin |
scaled 900 |
17,000 |
8,000 |
$46.9 Billion |
|
LaSalle, Units 1 & 2
Ottowa, Illinois |
Unit 1 - 14,000
Unit 2 - 14,000 |
Unit 1 - 12,000
Unit 2 - 12,000 |
Unit 1 - 15,000
Unit 2 - 15,000 |
Unit 1 - $118 Billion
Unit 2 - $120 Billion |
|
LaCrosse, LaCrosse, Wisconsin |
scaled 70 |
400 |
200 |
$160 Billion |
|
Limerick, Units 1 & 2
Montgomery, Pa. |
Unit 1 - 74,000
Unit 2 - 74,000 |
Unit 1 610,000
Unit 2 - 610,000 |
Unit 1 - 34,000
Unit 2 - 34,000 |
Unit 1 - $213 Billion
Unit 2 - $197 Billion |
|
Maine Yankee, Wiscasset, Me. |
scaled 8,000 |
10,000 |
21,000 |
$78.5 Billion |
|
Marble Hill, Units 1 & 2
Jefferson, Indiana |
Unit 1 - 12,000
Unit 2 - 12,000 |
Unit 1 - 150,000
Unit 2 - 150,000 |
Unit 1 - 8,000
Unit 2 - 8,000 |
Unit 1 - $87.2 Billion
Unit 2 - $83.8 Billion |
|
McGuire, Units 1 & 2
Cornelius, NC |
Unit 1 - 12,000
Unit 2 - 12,000 |
Unit 1 - 21,000
Unit 2 - 21,000 |
Unit 1 - 26,000
Unit 2 - 26,000 |
Unit 1 - $106 Billion
Unit 2 - $110 Billion |
|
Midland, Units 1 & 2
Midland, Michigan |
Unit 1 - 4,000
Unit 2 - 7,000 |
Unit 1 - 11,000
Unit 2 - 20,000 |
Unit 1 - 8,000
Unit 2 - 10,000 |
Unit 1 - $56.1 Billion
Unit 2 - $80.4 Billion |
|
Millstone, Units 1, 2 & 3
Waterford, Ct. |
Unit 1 - 13,000
Unit 2 - 18,000
Unit 3 - 23,000 |
Unit 1 - 12,000
Unit 2 - 18,000
Unit 3 - 30,000 |
Unit 1 - 29,000
Unit 2 - 33,000
Unit 3 - 38,000 |
Unit 1 - $91.5 Billion
Unit 2 - $135 Billion
Unit 3 - $174 Billion |
|
Monticello, Monticello, MN |
scaled 500 |
10,000 |
4,000 |
$44.6 Billion |
|
Nine Mile Point, Units 1 & 2
Scriba, NY |
Unit 1 - 800
Unit 2 - 1,400 |
Unit 1 - 11,000
Unit 2 - 26,000 |
Unit 1 - 14,000
unit 2 - 20,000 |
Unit 1 - $66.2 Billion
Unit 2 - $134 Billion |
|
North Anna, Units 1 & 2
Mineral, Virginia |
Unit 1 - 1,800
Unit 2 - 1,800 |
Unit 1 - 5,000
Unit 2 - 5,000 |
Unit 1 - 29,000
Unit 2 - 29,000 |
Unit 1 - $66 Billion
Unit 2 - $60 Billion |
|
Oconee, Units 1, 2, & 3
Seneca, South Carolina |
Unit 1 - 4,000
Unit 2 - 4,000
Unit 3 - 4,000 |
Unit 1 - 47,000
Unit 2 - 47,000
Unit 3 - 47,000 |
Unit 1 - 4,000
Unit 2 - 4,000
Unit 3 - 4,000 |
Unit 1 - $56.8 Billion
Unit 2 - $58.3 Billion
Unit 3 - $58.3 Billion |
|
Oyster Creek, Toms River, NJ |
13,000 |
10,000 |
23,000 |
$79.8 Billion |
|
Palisades, South Haven, Michigan |
1,000 |
7,000 |
scaled 10,000 |
$52.6 Billion |
|
Palo Verde, Units 1, 2, & 3
Maricopa, AZ |
Unit 1 - 4,000
Unit 2 - 4,000
Unit 3 - 4,000 |
Unit 1 - 36,000
Unit 2 - 36,000
Unit 3 - 36,000 |
Unit 1 - 15,000 |
Unit 1 - $89.7 Billion |
|
Peach Bottom, Units 2 & 3
Peach Bottom, Pa |
Unit 2 - 72,000
Unit 3 - 72,000 |
Unit 2 - 45,000
Unit 3 - 45,000 |
Unit 2 - 37,000
Unit 3 - 37,000 |
Unit 2 - $119 Billion
Unit 3 - $119 Billion |
|
Perry Units 1 & 2
Painesville, Ohio |
Unit 1 - 5,500 |
Unit 1- 180,000 |
Unit 1 - 14,000
Unit 2 - 14,000 |
Unit 1 - $102 Billion
Unit 2 - $86.8 Billion |
|
Pilgrim Unit 1, Plymouth, Ma |
3,000 |
30,000 |
23,000 |
$81.8 Billion |
|
Point Beach, Units 1 & 2
Two Creeks, Wisconsin |
Unit 1 - 500
Unit 2 - 500 |
Unit 1 - 9,000
Unit 2 - 9,000 |
Unit 1 - 7,000
Unit 2 - 7,000 |
Unit 1 - $41.4 Billion
Unit 2 - $43.8 Billion |
|
Prairie Island, Units 1 & 2
Red Wing, MN |
Unit 1 - 2,000
Unit 2 - 2,000 |
Unit 1 - 4,000
Unit 2 - 4,000 |
Unit 2 - 4,000
Unit 2 - 4,000 |
Unit 1 - $48.3 Billion
Unit 2 - $49.5 Billion |
|
Quad Cities, Units 1 & 2
Cordova, Illinois |
Unit 1 - 12,000
Unit 2 - 12,000 |
Unit 1 - 41,000
Unit 2 - 41,000 |
Unit 1 - 12,000
Unit 2 - 12,000 |
Unit 1 - $65.1 Billion
Unit 2 - $65.1 Billion |
|
Rancho Seco, Clay Station, Ca |
Scaled 30,000 |
34,000 |
6,000 |
$113 Billion |
|
Robinson, Hartsville, SC |
Scaled 2,000 |
8,000 |
3,000 |
$42.5 Billion |
|
St. Lucie, Units 1 & 2
Fort Pierce, Florida |
Unit 1 - 5,000
Unit 2 - 5,000 |
Unit 1 - 6,000
Unit 2 - 6,000 |
Unit 1 - 3,000
Unit 2 - 3,000 |
Unit 1 - $54.3 Billion
Unit 2 - $59.1 Billion |
|
Salem, Units 1 & 2
Salem, NJ |
Unit 1 - 100,000
Unit 2 - 100,000 |
Unit 1 - 70,000
Unit 2 - 75,000 |
Unit 1 - 40,000
Unit 2 - 40,000 |
Unit 1 - $135 Billion
Unit 2 - $150 Billion |
|
San Onofre, Units 1, 2 & 3
San Clemente, Ca |
Unit 1 - 8,000
Unit 2 - 27,000
Unit 3 - 27,000 |
Unit 1 - 6,000
Unit 2 - 23,000
Unit 3 - 23,000 |
Unit 1 - 10,000
Unit 2 - 18,000
Unit 3 - 18,000 |
Unit 1 - $58.8 Billion
Unit 2 - $186 Billion
Unit 3 - $182 Billion |
|
Seabrook, Units 1 & 2
Seabrook, NH |
Unit 1 - 7,000
Unit 2 - 7,000 |
Unit 1 - 27,000
Unit 2 - 27,000 |
Unit 1 - 6,000
Unit 2 - 6,000 |
Unit 1 - $163 Billion
Unit 2 - $150 Billion |
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Sequoia, Units 1 & 2
Daisy, Tenn. |
Unit 1 - 29,000
Unit 2 - 29,000 |
Unit 1 - 61,000
Unit 2 - 61,000 |
Unit 1 - 4,700
Unit 2 - 4,700 |
Unit 1 - $96.8 Billion
Unit 2 - $98.6 Billion |
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Shearon Harris, Units 1 & 2
Apex, N. C. |
Unit 1 - 11,000
Unit 2 - 11,000 |
Unit 1 - 31,000
Unit 2 - 31,000 |
Unit 1 - 6,000
Unit 2 - 6,000 |
Unit 1 - $68.5 Billion
Unit 2 - $47.8 Billion |
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Shoreham, Wading River, NY |
40,000 |
75,000 |
35,000 |
$157 Billion |
|
South Texas, Units 1 & 2
South Texas, TX |
Unit 1 - 18,000
Unit 2 - 18,000 |
Unit 1 - 10,000
Unit 2 - 10,000 |
Unit 1 - 11,000
Unit 2 - 11,000 |
Unit 1 - $112 Billion
Unit 2 - $104 Billion |
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Summer Unit 1, Fairfield, SC |
5,000 |
73,000 |
4,000 |
$68.2 Billion |
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Surry Units 1 & 2
Gravel Neck, VA |
Unit 1 - 31,000
Unit 2 - 31,000 |
Unit 1 - 36,000
Unit 2 - 36,000 |
Unit 1 - 23,000
Unit 2 - 23,000 |
Unit 1 - $56.3 Billion
Unit 2 - $57.8 Billion |
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Susquehanna, Units 1 & 2
Berwick. Pa |
Unit 1 - 67,000
Unit 2 - 67,000 |
Unit 1 - 47,000
Unit 2 - 47,000 |
Unit 1 - 28,000
Unit 2 - 28,000 |
Unit 1 - $143 Billion
Unit 2 - $137 Billion |
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Three Mile Island Units 1 & 2
Middletown, PA |
Unit 1 - 42,000
Unit 2 - 42,000 |
Unit 1 - 50,000
Unit 2 - 57,000 |
Unit 1 - 26,000
Unit 2 - 28,000 |
Unit 1 - 102 Billion
Unit 2 - 122 Billion |
|
Trojan, Prescott, OR |
Scaled 1,000 |
14,000 |
Scaled 5,000 |
$89.7 Billion |
|
Turkey Point Units 3 & 4
Florida City, Fl |
Unit 3 - 29,000
Unit 4 - 29,000 |
Unit 3 - 45,000
Unit 4 - 45,000 |
Unit 3 - 4,000
Unit 4 - 4,000 |
Unit 3 - $43.6 Billion.
Unit 4 - $48.6 Billion |
|
Vermont Yankee |
7,000 |
3,000 |
17,000 |
$68.8 Billion |
|
Vogtle, Units 1 & 2
Burke, GA |
Unit 1 - 200
Unit 2 - 200 |
Unit 1 - 39,000
Unit 2 - 39,000 |
Unit 1 - 4,000
Unit 2 - 4,000 |
Unit 1 - $70.3 Billion
Unit 2 - $62.3 Billion |
|
Waterford, Unit 3, St. Charles, LA |
96,000 |
279,000 |
9,000 |
$131 Billion |
|
Watts Bar, Units 1 & 2
Rhea Tenn |
Unit 1 - 5,000
Unit 2 - 5,000 |
Unit 1 - 11,000
Unit 2 - 11,000 |
Unit 1 - 4,000
Unit 2 - 4,000 |
Unit 1 - $86.6 Billion
Unit 2 - $83.3 Billion |
|
WPPSS Unit 1, Richland, WA |
200 |
20,000 |
4,000 |
$80.4 Billion |
|
WPPSS, Unit 2, Benton, WA |
300 |
17,000 |
4,000 |
$77.3 Billion |
|
WPPSS, Unit 3, Olympia, WA |
173 |
13,800 |
4,000 |
$73.7 Billion |
|
Wolf Creek, Burlington, KS |
1,000 |
3,000 |
3,000 |
$105 Billion |
|
Yankee Rowe, Rowe, MA |
1,000 |
100 |
4,000 |
$21. 4 Billion |
|
Zimmer, Moscow, OH |
9,000 |
109,000 |
10,000 |
$84.5 Billion |
|
Zion, Units 1 & 2
Zion, IL |
Unit 1 - 14,000
Unit 2 - 14,000 |
Unit 1 - 155,000
Unit 2 - 155,000 |
Unit 1 - 17,000
Unit 2 - 17,000 |
Unit 1 - $146 Billion
Unit 2 - $146 Billion |
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