Thank you. I guess Jonathan’s eloquence brings me to tears. Um, and Admiral Carroll was right in the thick of it. And ah, can really bring it to us full frontal—full monte.

This—this conference is really about medicine, and ah, it’s about the Hippocratic Oath. It’s about the baby who is crying today. It’s about me going back to medicine, I think, staggering around the wards at the age of 60, being a pediatric intern at the moment, treating neonates and children with kidney disease and the like.

And when I was in first year medicine in 1956, I had a wonderful genetics lecturer called Dr. [Peter Barton?] who taught me about [Mueller—Dr. Mueller?] and his experiments with drosophila fruit fly. If you irradiate them they reproduce within days so within a year you can follow hundreds of generations and watch the mutations in fruit fly for crooked wing or some other deformities being passed on and on.

I was 15 when I read "On the Beach". And that book describes the end of the world and it ends in my city, Melbourne. I was 15, extremely impressionable, curious, but suddenly my world was not joyful and I really didn’t look forward to the future, for I didn’t really know that I had one.

In 1956, when I was 17 and I started first year medicine, Russia, America and China were testing weapons and I couldn’t understand why they were doing it because I’d learned about genetics and I learnt that radiation causes mutations. At that time I actually didn’t know that mutations cause cancer, but I understood genetic mutations. And from that time on it’s been quite apparent to me that the nuclear age is evil. Since I was 15, it’s been apparent that the nuclear age has been evil and I always felt I’m protected by adults, even my parents, who were very responsible—I never even talked to them about my fears. I felt they wouldn’t be interested. And then one day when I was 24 I had a baby. And for the first time, I thought to myself, I can’t expect anyone else to look after this baby, it’s my responsibility so I have to make sure the world is safe for my baby and I grew up.

And I think that’s where we all must be now after hearing these two days of debate and counter-debate and discussion and tremendous passion. The truth is the nuclear age is evil. It was evil from its beginning. It was evil when they evicted those little boys—how interesting symbolically—from that school in Los Alamos to build the first three nuclear weapons, the first one of which was called Trinity—named after the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost. And if it hadn’t worked when they tried to explode, they were going to send a telegram to the president, saying, "it’s a girl." But it did work as planned and the telegram read, "it’s a boy." And thus began the evil of the nuclear age and you all know what Oppenheimer said to himself when he watched that bomb explode. He quoted to—from the Bhagavad Gita: "I have become death the destroyer of worlds." For he knew as did every other scientist watching that bomb—what it meant—that captured the energy in the center of the sun.

After the war there was an attempt in the United Nations to share the secret with the Russians who until that time—the end of the war—were the American allies and you remember the Russians lost 20—26 million people on the front against Hitler? In fact, I remember, when I was a little girl when—when Russia—I mean we were nearly invaded by the Japanese so I grew up thinking that we would be killed—but when Russia turned—when Hitler turned on Russia I remember my mother saying, "Thank god we’re saved. He’ll never defeat Russia." And he didn’t. But they absorbed the im—the true impact of Hitler.

And then America turned on Russia. Or the Soviet Union for various reasons, but one of them was internal domestic, to quieten down the unions to stop the movement of socialism, hence you have no free medical care, cause it’s—it’s—free medical care is [whispering] communism! Communism! So it was a way to control the movement and you’ve had very powerful movements in your country. The strong unions and strong socialism and socialism was what s—Jesus preached. Period. And what every other profit’s ever preached, Buddha and all of them: Socialism. It means compassion and kindness and caring. Not greed and capitalism.

So today we’re dealing with the end of the nuclear age and yesterday we’ve been dealing with it. And we’ve been arguing about standards—3 rems, 5 rems, 20 rems, 100 millirems—what does it mean? What does it mean when there are huge quantities of nuclear waste scattered around the world. The Soviet Union is a terrible mess. There are submarines sunken in the [Bering?] Sea with nuclear reactors on them. France has 80% of its electricity from nuclear power. The French are mad. We think they’re mad anyway, in Australia, because the blow bombs in our part of the world and we don’t like them. We think they’re arrogant. We don’t drink French wine if we can possibly help it.

But then if you live near Belgium—um, in Brussels, I think there are 50 nuclear reactors within a hundred miles of Brussels, if I’m correct. I’m not—that may be off by a little bit but it’s fairly accurate. In fact you can’t even have a conventional war in Europe now, like the second world war because all the reactors would melt down and Europe would be uninhabitable for the rest of time, so it would be a nuclear war. So, now with the world inhabited with nuclear reactors, we would have a nuclear war even if we didn’t intend to have a nuclear war. And we know that the Gulf War was a nuclear war with the depleted uranium.

So, what we’re really arguing about is counting the angels on the head of a pin. It’s not about a hundred millirems or five rems in any way. As you start leaks and infiltrates and seeps into our water supplies and starts bioconcentrating by orders of magnitude at each step of the food chain, algae, crustaceans, little, fish, big fish, us…grass, cattle, milk, lactating breasts, babies, Strontium 90 lasts 600 years and the nuclear industry thinks that’s a short time—600 years! My god, what happened 600 years ago—600 from 2,000, I mean that’s 1200 isn’t it. What were they doing in those days? Was that the dark ages or before then? We think that’s into antiquity—Jesus lived 2000 years ago—we think that’s antiquity. Plutonium lasts for half a million years. I-129 lasts for—well, it’s half life is 17 million years.

What on earth do we think we’re doing? And we’ve known it since the beginning of the nuclear age. If you read health physics and the scientific writings, the scientists knew it from the start. So why did they keep going? And how come we’ve got these huge reactors—a thousand megawatt reactors using a million gallons a minute of cooling water—partially radioactive which will reconcentrate in the food chain—a taste, a smell, our eyes don’t pick up radioactive material. We don’t know we’re eating a radioactive fish. So we can’t detect it. We’ve got no—no defenses against it.

A thousand megawatt reactor makes 500 pl—pounds of plutonium a year. Ten pounds or two pounds can make a nuclear weapon. Any country that has a reactor can make a bomb—so what do they do in a non-proliferation treaty. In 1968, America said, oh, look, you be good all you little countries—like Australia—you behave yourselves and don’t you dare to build a bomb because we’re the only ones who can have a bomb. Is that called arrogance? Unbelievable arrogance! But the said, oh by the way , though, would you like a nice nuclear reactor? So it’s a push-me-pull-you thing and so, the countries that didn’t want bombs or promised not to build them—they got nice nuclear reactors so they’ve got bomb factories. So that anyone that has a reactor can make a bomb. That’s what India did. It’s what Pakistan did.

And you know what? We’ve got a tiny experimental reactor in the outskirts of Sydney. A politician the other day—we’ve got a fascist government at the moment—it’s ah, nucle—pro-nuclear fascist government—we’re going to get rid of it I hope, you know, next week, but anyway—but we’ve got the people coming in are—a—almost just as bad, but ah, I heard an Australian politician say recently, "well, maybe ah, may Australia will make a bomb…hm" Why not? Why shouldn’t we have a bomb? You only need one bomb to enter the portals of the nuclear cob and you’ve got it. You say to Washington, "do thus and thus or we’ll blow you up!" Is that power? Or is that power? You only need one bomb, and don’t forget a thousand bombs dropping on a hundred cities would produce, we think, nuclear winter and the end of life on earth. A thousand bombs, so Admiral Carroll said, we’ve still got—America’s still got 12,000, and Russia’s still got about 12,000 and France has got 300 and probably more and England’s got about the same or more and England the other day launched an—a Trident submarine. Each Trident has enough bombs on it to destroy every major city in the northern hemisphere. I think England’s got three of them, but America’s got 18. I mean, it’s not really enough. I mean, it’s worse than being an alcoholic reaching for your next whiskey or hiding your vodka in your umbrella stand when your wife’s not looking. It’s much worse than that. It’s a true psychosis. And psychosis means a split between reality and the perception of reality. These people are sick and they need therapy—they need hospitalization and maybe they need drugs—I’m not sure, but they need real therapy! [applause] And that therapy is medically indicated.

And when we’re talking about 5 rems or 2 rems what we’ve ignored is the radioactive waste that lasts forever, so you can imagine our children or our descendents waking up in the future. The mother’s already been—her o—ovaries have been affected by cesium 137 which concentrates in muscle, because it’s a potassium analog. The testicles have been affected by plutonium, because that goes to the testicle, so there’ve been genetic mutations and there may be chromosomal breaks with trisomes or whatever, so the baby may have genetic disease or it may have a chromosomal trisome most of which are very severe and cause mental retardation like downs, and that’s the least of them. Or it may be a normal genetically, chromosomally normal embryo and in utero, it’s affected by plutonium or other isotope in it which produces [toratigenesis?] and an abnormal embryo like the babies with thalidomide I described today.

Or ah, the baby’s born, or OK and the mother’s breast milk’s radioactive. And the babies are exposed to these internal emitters—not external radiation which the nuclear industry talk about all the time. I’m talking about internal emitters. I’m talking about Strontium 90, as I said this morning, concentrating in the diaphysis or the growing end plate of the bone. In a tiny baby with tiny bones, even in utero, so that the surrounding osteoplasts get a really high dose of radiation. We’re not talking about 5 rems necessarily. Or plutonium—we’re talking about hundreds of rems then. Hundreds. But only to a few cells. But then the nuclear industry [tend to take?] that tiny little bit of plutonium and that large dose and average it to a very small volume of cells most of which die in the [..?..synergy?] because it’s so terrible damaging and cyto-toxic, and average it out over the trillions of cells of the bone—[and say, you know?] dose is really low. But I’m talking about internal emitters and that’s what nuclear waste is that lasts for virtually evermore, so you can im—imagine the children if they’ve survived their pregnancy and they drink their breast milk or eat the food that’s radioactive, getting their cancers at the age of 5 instead of 60.

Read the obituaries of the New York Times—people dying every day of cancer […?…] though. Why does it take us so long to get cancer—because we need to spend a lot of time be—expo—being exposed to cosmic radiation, natural background radiation, toxins on the earth, whatever, to accumulate the synergistic effects to induce the cancer and don’t forget the latent period of carcinogenesis is any time from 5 to 60 years. [T…?] takes a long time to get the cancer. But children are 10 to 20 times more radiosensitive than adults, because their cells are actively mitosing and it’s during the mitosis (anaphase, pro—prophase, …phase, …phase, metaphase) of the cell that the genes are replicating and during that stage they’re very susceptible to radiation and the radiation is synergistic with chemicals and so instead of just one chemical producing thus and thus cancer, and the radiation—they’re synergistic so that they multiply the effect together. And the environment’s full of toxins as well, ah, and the radioactive isotopes will be spreading.

We’ve done it. We’ve done it. It’s happened in my lifetime. I’m 60. When I was a little girl at school, the fire siren went off. How old was I? Seven. And the teacher said (I was always a bit of a precocious kid and the other kids didn’t like me) and the teacher said, what does that mean, the fire siren? And I said, the war’s over. And I walked home at lunch time. We got the half day off, picking flowers on my way. And the sun was shining and I was so happy. But I didn’t know how the war had been ended. And it was years, actually, ‘til I found out how the war had ended.

Now as Jonathan said, so eloquently, we have a chance to get rid of these blasted things. But what’s Washington obsessed by? I opened, two days ago, the op-ed page of the New York Times, and there’s a huge article by Katzenbach and Lloyd Cutler who is, ah,--who was, ah, Carter’s council, I met him. And there was a picture of this sort of sexy woman on the book and it was all about Monica Lewinsky and should or should he not be impeach or impaled, or whatever they want to do to him. The other article was by Lawrence Corbin who worked with Reagan and I met Reagan, and we won’t go into that now, but he’s--he’s—he wasn’t really able to cope with reality very well, but anyway, um, this was by Lawrence Corbin, it was an intelligent article, actually calling for abolition. And next to it was a very sexy looking ah, ad from Grumman—Northrop Grumman, and it had radar germing control systems, anti-satellite warfare, and it had about 20 things going down the side of it with a plane flying through beautiful clouds, the sort of clouds you’d see on the roof of the Sistine Chapel. And all of that was about "C-cubed I" Cont—Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence. It’s about nuclear war, first strike, winnable, nuclear war. And without C-cubed I, we can’t have a nuclear war. In fact, you know in the year 2000 most of the computers are going to be turned off because of the millenium bug and their not going to work and missiles might go off and nuclear power plants could well melt down and in fact, the NRC sent out a directive the other day to all the utilities saying be prepared to get diesel fuel cause your generators probably won’t function and you know, we’re probably going to have to start evacuation plans. So, you know, that’s the year 2000, not very far away, and you can’t possibly find all those computer chips to change them before then.

So that was a sort of, I thought, symbolic, metaphorical example of where we’re at today. We’re obsessed by sex and Washington is about sex. I can’t tell you how many times I went down there—I was a much younger, more attractive woman trying to talk to the senators about things, I mean, I met one of them, said, oh, come to my office and tell me about nuclear power, and I started telling me and—and he s—him and, you know, mutations and he said, do you know you’ve got beautiful eyes and I said, and this is a dominant mutation and this is an alpha particle, and then he said would you like to have a steak with me tonight, and I said, and this is what happens to the ovary and this is what happens to the fetus—that’s Washington. So what they’re doing is practicing displacement activity. If you put rats in a cage and you threaten them with a lethal situation they run away and to do something totally irrelevant to that which threatens them. I’m angry. I’m really angry with them. And I’m angry with Clinton. I don’t give a damn about all this sexual stuff. It’s irrelevant. I’m not going to tell people about my sexuality, it’s nobody else’s business. But the—he had the opportunity to go down in history as the greatest president the world has ever known. It was handed to him on a silver plate. He’s got no backbone. If you took an X-ray of his spine, it would be so [osteop…ed?] it wouldn’t be revealed on the X-ray.

And Bill Arkin. Bill Arkin talked about that today, that it’s all been compromised—we can’t compromise with God. There’s a wonderful Indian author--I can’t remember her name-- [Audience member: Arundhati Roy] Yes—who wrote a book called The God of Small Things and she wrote an essay that was on the internet after India blew up the bomb and she’s Indian and she said that we are challenging God. We are saying to God, OK, God, we’ll blow it all up and we’ll destroy the creation. And yet we have the arrogance to go to church on Sundays and say, if we pray to that guy in the sky and please forgive us, we’ll go up to heaven when we die.

And you know what America’s doing now—this stockpile stewardship program, so-called—euphemistically spoken is actually about building and designing new nuclear weapons. They’re spending 4.5 billion dollars a year for labs on this, or coming from us, more than they spent on nuclear weapons production and design than at the height of the Cold War: $45 billion dollars in ten years. Oh, but the scientists are terribly excited. I mean, they’re into hydrodynamics—now I thought hydrodynamics was about water, but it’s actually the turbulence within the plutonium and the nanosecond or the 10 to the minus 12 seconds before it explodes and the chemicals surrounding the plutonium. They’ve got a huge national exhi—ignition facility at Lawrence Livermore because the labs have to have, you know, they have to have about the same amount of money, because it’s all about competition, like the competition between the army, navy and airforce, you know, it’s all about missiles envy, really.

And so they—so what do the—so, [Los Alamos?] is doing the hydrodynamics in a huge things called DAR (dual access radiographic something or other) and NIF is about actually ah, designing pure fusion weapons. Now, that’s a really super idea, because with a pure fu—a normal hydrogen bomb is an atomic bomb with plutonium, and the gamma rays are reflected off the shiny surface of the capsule and go to the [duturium?] and lithium and that produced a n—a fusion explosion just like the sun, and then the capsule of the bomb, made of U-238 explodes so you have the fission-fusion-fission, but if you have a real fusion bomb—pure fu—you don’t need any fissionable material. And if you don’t need any fissionable material there’s no way by national, technical means and satellite detection, that you can detect whether or not a country’s building a bomb. You don’t need a nuclear reactor or re-processing plant, storage of radioactive waste. Oh, it’s a great idea! I mean it’s really terrific!

Now, why is it a great idea? First it’s extraordinarily arrogant. Secondly America persuaded the world to sign CTBT. Thirdly, if America does it, why shouldn’t India? It’s called virtual testing. America yesterday tested a bomb in the desert. Oh, it’s got plutonium and it didn’t blow up, but they’re testing the dynamics of the plutonium to make—It’s the same thing, I mean, who are they kidding? It’s like being a little tiny bit pregnant—just a little bit, no?

So, they’re an example to the rest of the world, so I predict and it’s what Jonathan said, that if we—if America doesn’t stop it, within ten years ten countries at least will have the bomb and within 20 years we will have had a nuclear war. Now, people say, well, what about India? Well, India can blow up a city in [Karachi?], you know and ah, Pakistan can blow up New Delhi and that would be a dreadful thing, but only can America and Russia destroy life on earth.

What else are they doing? Well, we mentioned, ah, Cassini and eleven more launches, but what they’re actually doing, these characters at NASA--and NASA’s got a great public relations operation—every time a shuttle go up people stand there and hands on heart, "daa da-da da da da" It’s like it happened in the days of the nuclear testing. Families used to take—parents used to take their families out to the desert[we’ll prepare a?] picnic and watch the bomb go off, and it was the same thing. There was the flag and everything and ah, people used to s—[…?…] but many of those people have since died of cancer—we know that. Downwinders.

So, NASA’s got a great PR campaign but what they’re actually doing is mapping the planets, the moon and the asteroids for rare minerals and when they find—they’re not really looking for life, I mean that sounds like—good, but they’re actually looking for rare minerals and when they find them, there are going to be launched nuclear reactors and put them on the moon and the asteroids and the planets and mine them for the rare minerals and then bring them back to earth. And who’s going to get the profit but Grumman and Martin-Marietta and--or whatever they’re called now—they all change all the time and GE and Westinghouse […?…] now nuclear networks and the whole thing. They’ll get the profit, but you pay for the whole thing and oh, by the way, on the way you might you know, lose a few million people from ah—from one of those, ah, Cassini satellites going wrong. But that’s OK. But then, as America’s putting such an investment into space to get these rare minerals back, she—she writes about it—the airforce are [writing?] about—they’ve got to dominate space.

So what they’re doing now, and the airforce are very keen about this—they’re setting up the star wars phenomenon that Reagan started after only having spoken to [Edward Teller?]—he didn’t consult with any of his White House science advisors, nor did he consult with the Pentagon, he just talked with Teller and the next day he made this speech talking about star wars. Thus began the spending of billions of dollars and Universities becoming prostituted to it—the whole thing. But it’s ongoing and it’s very exciting for the airforce. So the airforce is going to put up anti-satellite weapons. They’re going to have orbiting hydrogen bombs just in case they have to shoot down a missile. They’ll ha—a—anti-missile missiles—the whole thing—it’s really exciting. Um, and they write about it in their airforce magazine and they need to get some allies so they’re after the retired people. What do you call the retired people in this country? Old folks or what are they called—senior ci--yeah, nice word, senior citizens you know. And so, th—they’re working for the—the senior citizens to be their allies to think this is a really good idea and they go to the old folks homes and tell them how nice star wars is, and the Cassini missions and the like.

So, don’t think it’s easy and simple. This is very complex and it’s all going on behind your backs as is the nuclear stockpile stewardship program. Um, legislated by a congress who, um, had their attention elsewhere. Ooooh, it’s really fun. How much more can we find out about Monica’s you know what? You know? I’ve never really read anything so obscene and it’s funny, this country started with such a Puritanical background—Australians aren’t Puritanical at all, we swear all the time, we don’t believe in God, and you know, we’re not Puritanical at all, but this country is but it’s funny there’s a flip side of the coin—when you’re Puritanical you’re really fascinated with sex, you know, and you can go to any—any sort of news agent, open a news—what do they call—Penthouse Magazine and it’s a gynecological journal, you know, soon we’ll be seeing the cervix and the fallopian tubes and—it’s really strange, but I’m saying this in the context of the present national situation. And then to think that one old man—that one wicked old man, Jesse Helms—he’s holding up the ratification of the CTB?

It’s worse than Hitler in a way, because the whole world could be destroyed and the whole creation. Now, I suppose I should end in a minute, because I’ve spoken too long, but what I want to say is—leave you with hope.

We will get rid of these nuclear weapons. America must rise to its full moral and spiritual and ethical height. It has on a few occasions. It did during the martial plan. It did when it helped Japan get back on its feet. It did when it had its last great president, FDR. And do you remember that wonderful PBS show of the FDR years, and when he died--that funny guy smoking his cigar and his hat cocked back on his head and smiling and he’s a manipulator and a fantastically brilliant politician—when he died, his [white frame?] with its coffin went through the country and the look on the peoples’ faces, millions of them as they looked at their train, of adulation and love and grief, I’ve never seen again from the peoples’ faces. So that it’s up to us, but it’s true we have to identify the culprits and remove them from office and I’m—I’m serious about therapy. I mean, I can’t—there’s no other way I can describe this, as a physician. Caring for—I’ve got three grandchildren and thinking what’s it going to be like in 50 years and will they make it, because we’ve got 30 U.S. bases in Australia and they’re all targeted including the biggest CIA base in the world, which orchestrate star wars and first strike [Panget?] put there with a lie for the rent of one peppercorn per year.

I want to end on another note, though, that we’ve been dealing with nuclear power this two days, to say that solar energy’s here. Australia leads the world in the development of solar energy. It’s cheaper by far than coal and oil and you don’t even have to mention nuclear any—incidentally, nuclear power causes global warming, because in the ‘70’s it took seven 1,000 megawatt coal fire plants to enrich the uranium. Enormously energy consuming, so it adds enormously to global warming as well as radioactive waste. But solar power is cheap and people say, what about jobs—got to have nuclear power, build bombs for jobs. That—I’m sure s—Hitler said well, we’ve got to build gas ovens for jobs. You don’t do evil thing—I mean it’s just an excuse by the corporations to make the money and rip your money—money off, really.

But imagine if a law was passed that every building in America has to be retrofitted to be a solar building. I’ve got a solar hot water system at home—fantastic to have a shower in water that’s heated by the sun that’s sort of clean and a wonderful feeling. When I get a bit of money, I’m going to put a solar collecting system on my house and have a bank of batteries and make solar power and sell it back to the grid. My house faces South—no, North, in Australia and it collects the sun all through the winter. So, every building in America should be retrofitted to be a solar building—electricity and hot water. And the law needs to be enacted so that every new building is mandated to be a solar building. Then you won’t need nuclear power. Period. And then, guess what? You can employ hundreds of thousands or millions of people doing fantastic work and you get to e—export it to the whole of the Asian world who desperately need power and China’s just bought 26 reactors from America—that’s another great thing that Clinton did—had a great White House dinner and while he’s speaking about human rights on one hand to the Chinese he’s selling them nuclear reactors on the other—what about the human rights of all the unborn Chinese children? As they—their environment is polluted.

So we could sell it, or you could to the whole of the rest of the world and help them bypass the fossil fuel era because global warming is upon us. And help—and they would never need nuclear power again. So that it would really—it would help to save the world—bypass the fossil fuel era and nuclear—nuclear is finished. Nuclear is dead, nuclear is obsolete. You’ve got enough wind West of the Mississippi to supply the whole country with electricity. America uses twice as much electricity as does Europe—the same standard of living. You know why? Because you leave the lights on all the time. And you dry your clothes in a stupid GE or Westinghouse clothes dryer which they built so that you’d use their electric nuclear power, instead of hanging them outside in the sun. And in the winter, hang them up by the furnace in the cellar and they dry in a flash. Don’t be lemmings. Think—critically.

But above that—I mean, it makes me feel like weeping because I guess I’ve spent my life, I mean, when I was 17 I took the Hippocratic Oath and it’s like being a priest or a nun. And I guess at the age of 60, being back in medicine again, I love those babies more than I’ve ever loved my patients before. And the mothers and the fathers. And this is about love. And what does the bible say? Thou….shalt….not….kill. And that means America never again sheds blood. If they don’t [li…?…] that Bin Laden fellow, or whatever his name is, they find him and arrest him and bring him in and tri—put him on trial. Because Americans are being killed, and don’t forget, only 12 Americans or 17 were killed in that embassy bombing and hundreds of Africans, American lives are no more precious than African lives or anyone else, Australian lives—because American lives have been destroyed, don’t go and kill other people. It doesn’t work. It makes them more angry. But I don’t even care about the psychology behind it. Life was given as a gift. It’s sacred. Other peoples’ lives are sacred. Guns should be outlawed and it’s an extension of the nuclear living with the threat—Jonathan’s written about this—for 50 years we’ve lived with the threat of annihilation. What’s that done to our psyches? And our children. No wonder little kids go to school and shoot each other. They see it on the television—no emotion.

And I guess I would end by saying, as you think about this, get to the bottom line and think about your own life. And what a privilege it is that your sperm out of the whole ejaculate in which there were millions and millions of sperm and each one was totally genetically different. Your sperm reached your egg. What an extraordinary privilege it is that you were ever conceived and born. And what does that mean for you to have lived—I don’t think there’s a life after this. I think we believe in it because we’re scared, but what a privilege it is to have enjoyed this magnificent world and each other and all the species on it. And to think about your own life in these terms—not just your responsibility, but you, and how precious that is. And how you’ll make a commitment to yourself—to yourself to save your own life and all of those you love. And actually, to be frank, given the opportunity, we love every other human being on earth and every tiger and every lion and every koala and every kangaroo and even the moths and the algae. Thank you.

[applause]

That’s it. Thank you all, it’s been a—really a wonderful two days and obviously it was a great climax to the conference. I think we all learned a lot. I think we owe a debt of thanks to the—the speakers of all the sessions and a big debt of thanks to ah, all of you. You were absolutely marvelous.